Keratoconus: Understanding the Eye Condition and Modern Treatment Options

Introduction

Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition that affects the shape of your cornea, potentially leading to significant vision problems if left untreated. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the symptoms, causes, and cutting-edge treatments available for keratoconus, empowering you with the knowledge to take control of your eye health.

 

What is Keratoconus?

Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory eye disorder characterised by the thinning and bulging of the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye. This causes the normally round cornea to develop a cone-like shape, distorting vision and potentially leading to significant visual impairment.

 

Key symptoms of Keratoconus

  1. Blurred or distorted vision
  2. Increased sensitivity to light and glare
  3. Frequent changes in eyeglass prescription
  4. Difficulty driving at night
  5. Eye strain, headaches, and general eye discomfort
  6. Cloudy or sudden worsening of vision

If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to consult an eye care specialist promptly.

 

Causes and risk factors

While the exact cause of keratoconus remains unknown, several factors may contribute to its development:

  1. Genetics: Family history plays a significant role
  2. Eye rubbing: Frequent and aggressive eye rubbing may increase risk
  3. Certain medical conditions: Including Down syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and asthma
  4. Environmental factors: UV exposure and oxidative stress may contribute
  5. Hormonal changes: Onset often occurs during puberty or pregnancy

 

    Early detection and diagnosis

    Early diagnosis is key to managing keratoconus effectively. Advanced diagnostic tools used by specialists include:

    1. Corneal topography: Maps the cornea’s surface
    2. Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Provides detailed corneal imaging
    3. Keratometry: Measures corneal curvature
    4. Slit-lamp examination: Allows for detailed corneal observation

     

    Treatment options for Keratoconus

    Modern medicine offers several treatment options for keratoconus, depending on the severity and progression of the condition:

    1. Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL):

      • Halts or slows the progression of keratoconus
      • Uses UV light and riboflavin drops to strengthen corneal collagen
      • Often the first-line treatment for progressive keratoconus
    2. Specialised Contact Lenses:

      • Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) lenses
      • Scleral lenses
      • Hybrid lenses
      • Custom-designed for keratoconic eyes
    3. Intacs:

      • Tiny, clear inserts placed in the cornea
      • Help flatten the corneal cone and improve vision
    4. Advanced Laser Treatments:

      • Topography-guided custom ablation treatment (T-CAT)
      • Can improve corneal shape and vision quality
    5. Corneal Transplant:

      • Reserved for advanced cases
      • Partial or full-thickness transplant options available

     

    Living with Keratoconus: Self-care tips

    1. Avoid eye rubbing
    2. Use prescribed eye drops regularly
    3. Protect eyes from UV rays with quality sunglasses
    4. Follow a healthy diet rich in vitamins A, C, and E
    5. Stay hydrated
    6. Manage allergies effectively
    7. Attend regular check-ups with your eye specialist

     

    The future of Keratoconus treatment

    Ongoing research in gene therapy and stem cell treatments shows promise for future keratoconus management. These developing technologies may offer even more effective ways to halt progression and potentially reverse corneal changes.

     

    Conclusion

    Keratoconus can be a challenging condition, but with early detection and modern treatment options, it’s possible to preserve vision and maintain a high quality of life. If you suspect you may have keratoconus or have a family history of the condition, don’t hesitate to seek professional help. Remember, your vision is precious – take proactive steps to protect it.

     

    Are you concerned you may have Keratoconus?

    Book a free video consultation with our keratoconus specialists today. At AccuVision, we offer the latest in keratoconus diagnosis and treatment, including advanced CXL and T-CAT procedures. Don’t let keratoconus compromise your vision – take the first step towards clearer sight now.

    Book a Free Video Consultation

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